Related Media: Invictus (1875)
Article written by Gareth Guce (28/03/2023) as part of main article "Illuminating a Crown to Make it Shine"

Original Poem written by William Earnest Henley

Out of the night that covers me
Black as the pit from pole to pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
For my unconquerable soul.

In the fell clutch of circumstance,
I have not winced nor cried aloud.
Under the bludgeonings of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.

Beyond this place of wrath and tears
Looms but the Horror of the shade,
And yet the menace of the years
Finds, and shall find, me unafraid.

It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll,
I am the master of my fate
I am the captain of my soul.



Pictured in Background: Nelson Mandela incarcerated at Robben Island Prison, where he recited the poem to other prisoners.

Below: annotations of the poem